Review of a Pathological Condition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Audit of a Pathological Condition - Essay Example For this situation, the most reasonable justification for these side effects could be uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or/and other long standing endocrine issue thusly co-morbidities, prompting confusions or demise due to not being dealt with properly. The survey of these neurotic conditions, are introduced by examining classes of basic reasons for indications and malady movement, most helpless people, using symptomatic imaging strategies for treatment and anticipation. Reasons for the manifestations Genetics, ecological components, terrible eating routine, stoutness, drugs, diseases and inactive way of life have been refered to by Chapman and Nakielny (2009) and William and Christine (2005) as a portion of the potential reasons for diabetes as demonstrated in Richard and Neil (2007). Diabetics require severe dietary control to limit the effect on way of life, as saw by Launer (2009) as the body neglects to deliver or use insulin appropriately. The islets of Langerhans of the pancreas contain four sorts of cells, yet two cells, alpha cells delivering glucagon, which contradicts insulin and beta cells liable for creating insulin (Scobie, 2007). In Type 1 diabetes, there is an absence of insulin with just glucagon present instigating hyperglycemia. With the nonappearance of insulin to ingest glucose in the circulatory system to process complex sugars, glucose levels in the body builds prompting uncontrolled diabetes with hyperglycemia influencing the kidneys. The unusual auxiliary state of this person with a plenty of signs and manifestations, i.e., diabetes, weakness, an inadequacy break of the femoral neck, oliguria and pruritus, all demonstrating uncontrolled diabetes prompting renal disappointment ascribing to calcium/mineral anomalies and poisonousness in the body. Parathyroid issue may likewise worsen the condition if this is available or started through renal disappointment. Illness Progression Diabetes is a gathering of metabolic ailments with trademark hy perglycemia related with absconds in insulin emission, insulin activity, or both (Launer, 2009). Type 1 diabetes is portrayed by beta cell annihilation, normally prompting total insulin inadequacy. Type 2 diabetes then again presents as a range of metabolic variations from the norm with unmistakable insulin obstruction and relative insulin inadequacy (William and Christine, 2005). The impact of diabetes isn't constrained to starch digestion, however lipid and protein digestion assume a significant job in its movement as supported by Launer (2009). Diabetic movement is started through various metabolic occasions that happen over a time of years. Rehashed hyperglycemic assaults or incessant hyperglycemia, brings about harm to different organs, for example, the kidneys prompting different inconveniences or demise. Hyperglycemia influences the kidneys causing diabetic nephropathy and glomerular filtration decrease. This outcome in the accompanying signs: uncontrolled diabetes causing re nal disappointment, bringing about oliguria, pruritus, weariness and inadequacy breaks. It is a chain impact. Controlling metabolic occasions cause it conceivable to ease back to or stop the movement of the ailment. There are three fundamental kinds of diabetes. The side effects are comparative despite the fact that there are contrasts in the manner they create. In Type 1 diabetes, the signs and side effects are typically extremely clear and can create

Olive Seniors Decision To Abandon Poetic Conventions English Literature Essay Essay Example

Olive Seniors Decision To Abandon Poetic Conventions English Literature Essay Example Olive Seniors Decision To Abandon Poetic Conventions English Literature Essay Olive Seniors Decision To Abandon Poetic Conventions English Literature Essay Senior presents ways of life of various family units and how a calamity unconventionally tropical storms can hold changing consequences for each. Senior, in Tropic Love utilizes a straightforward duologue between a grown-up male and a grown-up female to closer view the highlights of a run of the mill tropical relationship and the issues that grown-up females face in these connections. Man needs sex and friends however falters to offer committedness. In these three stanza structures there is little or no grounds of traditional habits, signifiers and components of poesy by and by, issues and concerns are introduced and the peruser can comprehend and hang on them. In this way, Senior s expectation is accomplished thus plainly debates the unsettled. Olive Senior does non pass additional clasp guaranting that the lines in her refrain structures follow a particular rime procedure or contains a set figure of lines. Nor is her poesy burdened by pictures, nonliteral gadgets or perplexing or expound developments. I can consider, had Senior made these shows her priority the central motivation behind her work would hold passed on. Along these lines it must be re-stressed that her assurance to be unexpected created all the more great in comparison to injury. Senior s plan is to ensure that when people read her stanza structures they can partner to the condition of affairss and have the option to get them. In what manner or capacity would that be able to be conceivable on the off chance that one has no idea with regards to what the subject of the section structure is? Senior usages certain attributes which a few artists would scoff at, for example, narrating story, tattle Creole slang. In any case, these qualities make her stanza structur es relatable, checking on and they pull perusers. These are the qualities which are regular to her perusers rendering her stanza structures comprehensible. One could express that Olive Senior dissimilarity from wonderful shows attempts to demo handle to life and that there is a whole other world to verse than only giving rime, however to concede the of import things and fights in existence with each line or refrain. The way wherein Senior composes the refrains in her section structure is other than a dissimilarity from lovely show yet it helps in accomplishing her work progressively originative as in the section structure Yemoja where the verses are made as such where it looks like the dorsum and forward movement of the sea moving edges. The section structure diagrams how nature is firmly connected and the perish or stop of the H2O cadence would follow in the expire of life itself as laid out in her refrain structure. The section structure Yemoja shows how nature ( the H2O ) sustains the land as a female parent would encourage her child and can be connected to the way that the life of a child relies upon the female parent and the life o f the land relies altogether upon H2O. Senior decides to occupy from the ordinary way of making poesy with an infiltration of phantasy as she sees verse more than simply a look of oneself yet adjacent to pass on noticeable radiation to the skirmishes of life as showed in another of her section structures Hurricane Narrative 1903 where the help of the individuals relied upon their livestock and is an examination of the lives of most Caribbean individuals and how they make due off their livestock and if suck a calamity like the typhoon. Senior other than strays to draw the male and female relationship in the refrain structure as it show how the capacity of the grandmother was to encourage while the gramps took on endeavors which requested musculus which could be noted other than as an attribute of families in the Caribbean. Through her disparity she other than depicts how universes and nature are firmly connected and on occasion sends an admonition as appeared in Hurricane account 1903 . In any case, he was the seventh kid of a seventh kid and could understand stamps and decipher admirations so when the sups flew beneath the rooftop line, when the sky took on a specific Prunus persica newness, when runs f winged creatures cruised west past that certain point. At the point when mists banked at the far side and the air was still, he realized it was clasp to make sure about down. Accordingly she shows that nature and fills in as a deceiver to grown-up male and a turn of events or the unchanging utilization of building occupies our going to from nature. Olive Senior is a station pioneer creator and it is run of the mill of her to occupy from graceful shows. By making so Senior is suggesting that poesy can in any case be as strong or considerably progressively viable regardless of whether one does non comply with graceful shows. Senior may hold considered shows to be a cutting edge twenty-four hours signifier of subjugation and consequently was pie in the sky of interfering with liberated from all the components that attempted to stifle her. Through creation so she other than features or brings to the head the privilege of opportunity of look, a privilege to which the oppressed had been denied. Senior s poesy praises her uniqueness and heredity ; it furnishes her and her peruser with a recharged feeling of pride. So as to achieve this senior needed to snatch the traditional methods of making poesy. Therefore she delivered a craftsmanship exceptionally Caribbean, a workmanship which mirrors her assurance to hinder away. Olive Senior s assurance to redirect has in no way negatively affected the reaction of her work. Without her challenge to be distinctive at that spot would non hold been the acknowledgment that being various does non plan losing.

Susan Sontag, Leslie Jamison, and Me Reading About Pain and #MeToo

Susan Sontag, Leslie Jamison, and Me Reading About Pain and #MeToo Not too long ago, I included Susan Sontag’s Regarding the Pain of Others in a round-up about reading for self-care. In that work, Sontag is concerned primarily with photography and the philosophy of viewing photographs (on the news, etc.) of faraway suffering. Sontag asks: what does it do for usâ€"or to usâ€"to look at a photograph of someone in pain? Should photographs be used to inspire empathy? Can we even access real empathy through a photograph? Maybe more to the point, do we even have a right to try? I read Regarding the Pain of Others a few years ago, when I was maybe a sophomore in college. I was not yet very interested in reading texts that were more theoretical than anything else, still preferring for a book to tell me exactly what to think. In my women’s studies classes, I vacuumed up assigned readings with a decisive, matter-of-fact toneâ€"feminists who laid out their case like lawyers and then summed it all up at the end with a punchy final line. It’s not that Regarding the Pain of Others doesn’t take sides, but rather that Sontag acknowledges that her side might not be the only one. The argument is methodical, but the conclusion is not absolute. I haven’t reread it since then, but I’ve found myself thinking about it in the last week or so with the fall of Harvey Weinstein and the rise of #MeToo, along with other books by women concerned with depictions of trauma. Regarding the Pain of Others is not about feminism so much as it is about humanity, technology, even capitalism, to an extent. Its premise, as I understood it, was actually very simple: what do we do with other people’s pain if we ourselves are not in pain? Sontag was interested in photography, but the question needs to be asked about personal narrative. The question is being asked about #MeToo: What does it do for us as human beings to scroll endlessly through admissions of pain and trauma? In other words, what is the point? I posted #MeToo. I should say also that I hardly know any women who didn’t post #MeToo. Many of them also included stories of their assault, the aftermath, or a laundry list of harassment incidents from the past week or month or ten years. The thought I had over and over was this: who is this for? I posted #MeToo, but in my head, I was like, duh, me too. Of course I’ve been yelled at from a car, followed on a dark street, grabbed and groped at parties, forcibly kissed, called names, leered at. Of course I’ve followed the innate code of conduct according to fears that were deemed “paranoid” by my male friends and constantly realized by my female ones. So then, #MeToo is for men, or anyone who believes this kind of stuff happens to a certain kind of person in a specific situation instead of everywhere always. Critiques of the hashtag expand from there: we need to stop fetishizing the pain of women as victims of faceless men and begin to hold perpetrators accountable. We need men to believe women without forcing them to dredge up the evidence. “I won’t say Me, Too,” one criticism began, “Because you all know that already.” The Sontag question: what do these displays of pain achieve other than eliciting guilt or sympathy that is then channeled into self-indulgent thankfulness? But then a friend posted a quote from a different writer: Leslie Jamison. In her essay “Grand Unified Theory of Female Pain,” Jamison writes: “The wounded woman gets called a stereotype, and sometimes she is. But sometimes she’s just true. I think the possibility of fetishizing pain is no reason to stop representing it.” Jamison uses Sontag as her counterpoint in this essay. In her book The Empathy Exams, one of my favorites, Jamison delves deep into pain and suffering of every kind imaginable: unusual, commonplace, voluntary, mysterious. It’s all there, and my response as a reader was similarly wide-ranging. I read a lot of books about female pain, whether I intend to or not, because I read a lot of books by women. I’m a feminist, and I am on Twitter, so I read a lot about pain there, too. But no matter how many books I read, I still haven’t fallen down hard on the side of either Sontag or Jamison. In fact, while writing this, I’ve realized I’ve done what I used to hate: thrown a handful of questions onto a page. But this whole experience has reminded me to do what I do when I don’t know: just keep reading, and eventually, something will make sense.

Vertical Imbalance in Fiscal Federalism A Hindrance to...

Vertical Imbalance in Fiscal Federalism: Fiscal federalism is a sub-field of public economics that focus on understanding the instruments and functions that are best centralized and effectively placed in the domain of decentralized governmental levels. In other words, this concept can be described as the study of how expenditures or competencies and revenues or financial instruments are distributed across various vertical layers of administration. As a result, this concept consists of a set of guidelines that are helpful in developing financial relations between the national and sub-national governmental levels. Notably, the notions of the concept of fiscal federalism are associated with both the vertical and horizontal financial relations. A vertical imbalance in fiscal federalism is normally identified as a hindrance to sub-national accountability and good financial performance. Actually, these imbalances are usually considered as being the reasons for sub-national financial profligacy and soft budget limitations. The vertical imbalances in fiscal federalism attract huge scrutiny during times of financial difficulties when deficits become persistent resulting in frequent bailouts. These sub-national bailouts can put severe strains on inter-governmental financial relations to an extent that re-centralization is used as a means to remove the vertical imbalance. Due to their impact on financial performance, understanding the vertical imbalances is crucial for the design of

One Flew over the Cuckoos Nest - 1207 Words

There are three major conflicts in the novel, One Flew Over The Cuckoo s Nest, by Ken Kesey. Both internal and external in nature their causes, effects, and resolutions are explored in great detail. The cause of the conflict between Mac and Ratched begins immediately. As soon as McMurphy enters the ward he shows his individuality. He s loud, brassy and the chief says, He sounds big. McMurphy publicly introduces himself and stands out from the rest of the men. He shows that he wont be controlled. Ratched wants and expects complete control. She refers to Mac as a, Manipulator, who will, Â…use everyone and everything to his own end. Ironically Ratched is also a Manipulator. Miss Ratched chooses the orderlies to control them, she†¦show more content†¦The resolution of Mac s conflict is when he attacks Miss Ratched and knows that he has lost in a way but on his own terms. In another way he wins because he shows to the men that Miss Ratched was nothing but a women. The conflict that Chief has with himself is a very intense one. Unlike the other two this one is emphasized from the begin of the book and is only resolved at the very end of the novel. The cause of his internal conflict begins when he is a little boy on his Indian territory. The white man comes on his father s land and insult the Indians right in front of Chief. The novel starts off with chief already deep in his own fog. He even says that he might eventually get lost in the fog forever. Chief s first major loss is when McMurphy is humiliated in front of the ward, by Miss Ratched, about staining of the glass. When ever McMurphy looses to Ratched or seems to be down Chief goes into fog. When McMurphy cannot lift the control panel and looses his bet against the guys Chief is completely lost in his fog because after this Mac has lost three time in a row to Ratched or the combine. Chief sees the trouble Mac has to lift the control panel and finally gives up, the control panel, to chief, isShow MoreRelatedOne Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest875 Words   |  3 Pages In â€Å"One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest† by Ken Kesey, Nurse Ratched symbolizes the oppression of society through archetypal emasculation. The male patients at the ward are controlled, alienated and forced into submission by the superior female characters. Throughout the novel, there is a constant fear of female superiority; Randle McMurphy, the sexually empowered male protagonist, states how they are essentially being castrated. Castration, in the novel, symbolizes the removal of freedom, sexualRead MoreEssay On One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest1487 Words   |  6 PagesWard Power is defined as the controlling entity that cannot be escaped from those who are less superior. In Ken Kesey’s novel, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, there is an evident theme shown throughout particular instances of how power can turn into something catastrophic. From this novel, many characters undergo highs and lows of this concept. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest tells a story through the perspective of Chief Bromden. The setting takes place in a mental institution located in Oregon, whereRead More One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Essay864 Words   |  4 PagesOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest Written by Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest was published in 1967 by Penguin Books. This story was written based on the author’s experience while working in a mental institution. He held long conversations with the inmates in order to gain a better understanding of them. It was during this period that he wrote the first draft of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest. Most of the characters in the novel are based upon actual patients he met while working atRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest2390 Words   |  10 Pages3 May 2011 One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest In the novel, â€Å"One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest,† by Ken Kesey, the book has a lot of meaning, symbolism, and imagery. This book has been criticized by many around the country and has even been considered to be banned in high schools nationwide. One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is seen as obscene, racist, immoral, and sexist to some eyes. It does have some bizarre language, and some obscene scenes, but every great literature attempts to give anRead MoreOne Flew over the Cuckoos Nest by Ken Kesey1137 Words   |  4 Pages In 2010 one in five Americans experienced some sort of mental illness, and only about 60 percent of people with mental illness get treatment each year1. In the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest, by Ken Kesey, the wrong people seem to be getting the treatment. The novel is the story of a gambling addictive man, Randle Patrick McMurphy, who is a committed mental patient, serving out his time as an â€Å"Acute† instead of a Prisoner . Ultimately, the story tells of how insanity can be broughtRead MoreTheme Of Women In One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest1766 Words   |  8 Pages One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest In the 1960s the views of women were not as they are today. For centuries women have been objectified and not treated as equals, only being viewed as property or looked at for their physical features. Ken Kesey the author of One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest, with the character McMurphy, learned towards the superiority of the male sexuality over female authority (123 Helpme). The women in the novel One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest are portrayed as weak, sex objects,Read MoreOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest by Ken Kesey. 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The healthcare facility ward develops into a restaurant of disobedience while the wise-guy hero, attempts to reform the establishment while dignifying individuals within. The story is written in the first person perspective by Chief Bromden a big client that is sharing his psychologi cal facility experience. He is a man who has actually

Review of Operations Management Free Essays

Introduction and Organizational Background Methodology Limitations of Research Literature Review Motivation and Culture Employee Reward Conclusion Recommendations References Need for Strategic Human Resource Procedures for Effectiveness Operation Management in Lead Way Business Group International. This report Is an evaluation of Lead Way Business Group International (ALIBI) a general business multinational servicing firms, human resource practices to see if it effective and follows best international best practices, in relation to its rewarding employees performance and what system sand strategies it uses to engage its staff towards achieving Its goals and objectives as a business. The challenges that ALIBI face is that of its operation management in its call centre department. We will write a custom essay sample on Review of Operations Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now Recent changes in its management structure of the centre has led to a decline In profits. It needs to adopt a strategic Human Resource strategy to be able to maintain its customer base and ultimately its profits. To achieve get a holistic view of its Human resource policies and practices a robust examinations was undertaking o identify the level of motivation and the attitudinal disposition of the staff of the at different level from the Executive team to the newest recruit to the company . As with most companies in its industry Lead Way aim and drive for doing business 1 org that its clientele demand and also the in order to fulfill its obligation as a whole Lead Way has a relatively highly motivated team of employees this may be as a result of its qualities of leaders and managers in the Human Capital division however some variances occur in the level of enthusiasm in all the other parts of the company this s due to an ongoing reposition and change management process being implanted in the company. On paper it strategy to encourage performance is effective as it uses regular appraisal tools to assess the performance of its staff to meet the need its business targets This submission of the evaluation of Lead Ways has highlighted minored for the company to meet is business target and save cost and deliver on quality it most lay emphasis on its staff training and human capital development and change the over culture to one that it becomes a learning organization which is considers employee involvement and engagement is paramount to ensure improvement in service delivery. Managing the Operations at Lead Way employee is the role of the managers who have the task of doing it effectively by making it a fundamental part of its operations by emphasis development and progression in career and also recognition for outstanding performance. In order to achieve its Organizational goals and business targets its Operations management policies must work hand in hand with its human resource objectives too. 1. Introduction and Organizational Background Lead Way Business Group International is in a highly competitive service based industry that demand innovation , creativity , service delivery excellence which are all dependent upon the performance of employees in its organization. As a result it need to have start performing at optimal level in the next ray in line with is change management agenda to transform the firm to expand and begin to expand to other international territories . Arrives to its client from Office supplies, Sales Outsourcing, International Freight services to business management Consultancy it employees over 100 employees in 3 different cities and seeks to expand to it forth in Africa The heart of the business is error in its slogan called â€Å"Servicing Your Business Needs Efficiently’. It business target is to be a leader in providing business services of Medium and Large cooperation’s in the areas it is situated also providing global business insight s due to its international presence. Efficiency being at the heart of Lead Ways business ethos demands that performance of its staff is at optimal level all the time in-order to also meet its business targets. Lead Way Business Service is a new generation sustainable social enterprise whose profits are reinvested in it, how its aim is to serve small start- p entrepreneurs and medium scale business to grow them to foster economic development. So its business with a heart as a result. Its main objective is not profit making but rather have to do with more socio political Issues which are influenced but changing technology, environmental and legal issues and also governmental policy changes (Slack et al,1995) As Lead Way is an international group and runs diverse services, to underpin its success it has a very elaborate human resource system that caters for the need of its employees. It is very effective and supports the rest of the organization in reaching TTS business objectives through various human capital development plans and procedure and people management strategies. Peculiar to its multicultural and multi-location set up it has HER challenges always arising from miscommunication and due to language barriers and personal relation problems, employee motivation staff welfare and attendance takes a lot of its productive time. There need to be a shift from such elementary but important issues to much more strategic and pro- growth and developmental issues that HER can contribute too , to ensure that the company tests its growth and service objectives In order to have a clear picture of the company’s performance and how the employee engagement and motivation contribute to it, an in-depth look at its performance management practices is essential. There are a range of services provided by Lead Way delivered by both skilled and unskilled staff and there are key performance indices that are used to asses performance. Everyone employed manual staff, volunteers, part time and full time start are all appraised and the Performance Management Framework is the basis of this report. Terms of Reference This report aims to establish and asses the following The Management of Operations in the call centre of ALIBI The effect and influence of HER polices and procedures on Operations in LABS! The Strategies for employee motivation and engagement within the company 1. In order to get a god understanding of the organizational culture in relations to performance of the Operations management framework a simple research was undertake of different types of employees ranging from the skilled to the unskilled managers to the new entry staff and they were asked to give their own view of the HER raciest and how it impacted them from different point of views Things that were sought after where the level of staff motivation and their attitude toward their work and how it affected communication, relationships and the cult ure of and within the organizations. It is essential to find out the relationship that exist if any of staff attitude/motivation, Strategic Human resource management and the overall Performance management Strategy for the organization and to achieve this both qualitative and quantitative methods were employed. 1. 2 Limitations of Research Some of the limitations face during this research had to do with the different actions of the staff as some were office based and others where site based so the working culture couldn’t be duly ascertained holistically Also the samples size of the employees form various levels was limited. And due to the fact that the CEO of the organization was not physically present during the research and it was not commissioned by the organization. They were reluctant in provide all the support to reach a more conclusive and deductive results, Limited time and space was giving. Sam Lewis Thrill (2007) view of methods of data collection formed t the basis of nagging valuable insight that involve data collection and triangulation will assist in seeing if the figures and data match up with the perception and reality of the employees. 2. Literature Review – Operations Management According to Joseph G . Monks (2004. ) Operations Management is governed by polices that are stipulated by the management of an organizations It governs the predefined flow of resources in a systematic manner in a controlled environment to create a valuable service or product that meets the consumers’ needs and the organizations objectives Source http://www. Mandarin. Com/operation/ 27370849x_IPPP . PDF Two things are paramount which are the resources and systems. Resources which may include but are not limited to human I. E. He use of intellectual knowledge in planning and coordination of the process, capital I. E. Cash , stocks , store values etc. And material I. E. Physical inventories, supplies, plants etc. That are injection in the production process. Systems relate to components of management for the achievement of the objectives of the organization as a whole. For there to be efficiency there has to be a systematic approa ch to everything from problem solving o achieving goals Operations management refers to the administration of business practices to create the highest level of efficiency possible within an organization. Operations management is concerned with converting materials and labor into goods and services as efficiently as possible to maximize the profit of an organization. Performance is important, and the optimization of the performance of employees and seeks to address, for there to be a harmonies operation of system and people a comprehensive Human Resource policy and procedure my in place to oil the wheels of efficiency. Pawpaw (2005) research looks at effect of HARM on Performance management and the focus should not be on policy creation to drive performance alone but also in addition to that their implementation. In relations to other internal and external environmental factors. The question now is how do you measure performance? Performance Management is as Newly (1998) is about evaluation the of past action because past action is always a good determinate of present performance. It also involves picking, defining and applying of key bench marks for performances, factors which are used to measure the effectiveness and efficiency of the process. Fine Sender (1999). Len any organization the main objective are quality, flexibility, dependability, cost and Speed . And a good reflection of if the company of meeting this objectives will be measured in its financial performance Self-Assessment Model of Performance Measurement Jackson, Zaire Whammy (1998) describe the self-assessment model as a tool that is foundational to effectiveness of any company business or organizations, because it gives full and clear view of activities and it also facilitates constant improvements. This is because it links organization performance with customer satisfaction, financial reference sphere headed by strategic planning. For there to be strategic planning a concrete HARM strategy must be employed The management must be cognizance of these factors and as a result create systems in the operation management process that would engage employees and keep them motivated to undertake the work at hand. So what is good Human Resource management in relation to operation management? Janssen and Stewart (2008) see human resource management as a set of social and cultural practices in every organization in to effectively manage the human capital taking into consideration the level and skill of employees, motivation , etc. They also say that it is easy to assume that employee and employers are working together toward a specified goal but in reality this must be subjected it the individual Interpretation and engagement with the HARM practices and how it motivates, engages or disengages them. Best HARM practice where explored by Thereof, Programs and Catalogue (2007). And it was discover that knowledge management and organizational learning are important contributors, they also suggest that HARM best practice leads to the effective running of and organization and that in turn performance of operations management. So there is a link between best HARM practices and peak performing Operation Management Systems in organizations. However these HARM policies and procedures must be continually monitored and buttressed to ensure they meet their specified objectives. Strategic HARM should always compliment Strategic Operations Management which aims at playing an active role working towards constant improvement to move to the next level of service delivery and empowering other sectors of the company play an active role in the overall strategy There are three main types of strategy employed Corporate, business ND functional level strategy. Slack Lewis (2001) see strategic operation as decision objectives taking into consideration it resources and its ability to meet ever growing market. Demands The Hayes and Wheelwright Model (1998) can be used to identify how effective the organization is as a whole and how operations affect this from a strategic stand point It has 4 stages I-Internal neutrality (being unable to contribute to effectiveness) 2-External neutrality (comparisons with external companies) 3- Internally supportive (employing best practices for credible effective operations) 4- Externally supportive (looking how operation can be a driver of cooperate strategy). For the purpose of this study we are going to be looking at the operation management of the office supply department of Lead Way Business service and in particular we would be looking at how it effective the operation are managed in its customer service department of its office supplies division In recent time there have been a lot of complaints from customers about the poor level of service delivery of the customer service team and this intern has affected the performance of the company as people are now taking their business somewhere else Last year in an attempt to save cost company outsource it s customer service operation to India and were able to save a lot off money . In the initial stage the initial stage the Indian company Tolerance India which they part own having substantial amount of shares in seem to be dependable and delivered on quality and it seemed their business approach was quite innovative compared to their competitors at the moment as they were also offering online chat support service for customers who order their services online. But in recent time there has been a drop in the quality of service. They had a new management team come in and changed most of the way he company operates and has also cut down lots off staff as a they have lost the advantage of flexibility and they are unable to meet the growing demand in calls and the online response time has slowed down drastically and the average call waiting time is minutes instead of the 4 minutes last year and 2 minutes average when it was based in the ask. Customers have been posting negative reviews and feedback on the internet and this has drastically affected their office supplies business services There is also the issue of language barrier that man Britons and English people say hey have difficulty understanding the ascents of the Indian employees and in some recent cases their English is very bad and as a result communication is gravely impaired. Discussion and Analysis of the HER strategies for Effect operations management in ALIBI This report would be assessing how the operations quality of service can be improved The major problem not uncommon to LABS managers is staffing level. A times demand falls and they need lest staff and a times it rises and they need more staff How can they maintain cost and quality and also be flexible in the staffing need to meet their consumers expectations dependably. They need to be able do an efficient long-tern forecast of demand for services to be able to avoid problems so they would have a good number of agents at all times. This must be done several week and even months in ahead and in conjunction with HER department to be able to operation management process. These are the inputs into the system and selection of adequately trained staff with the necessary skill is essential for the running of an internal call centre and how do y Characteristic of call centers is high turnover rate and also seasonal workers. How do you balance cost of training staff that would eventually leave the company and the emend for service from the customers. How to cite Review of Operations Management, Essays

Interface Capacitive Sensor Designing - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Interface Capacitive Sensor Designing? Answer: Introduction Creating (MOS) Metal Oxide Semiconductor transistor (one of the essential building blocks) in the current electronic devices is one of the major achievements in the field of electronic engineering in the 20th century(Rong Wu, 2013). Over past few years, gradual transistor miniaturization has resulted in the integration of huge electronic components to very small devices in a single chip. Fabrication technologies for these IC later improved and were used to build very small features making these ICs to be very small until they can challenge human naked eyes(Hart, 2012). The normal operation of a synchronous demodulation has been tried by constructing a prototype (a typical example) on a PCB (printed- circuit board). This is tailored for hand gesture observing for user electronic components like mobile phones. To enable expansion of the dynamic circuit range a new response mechanism is put to the initial circuit. In this our case study, the circuit was designed in exactly 0.35m CMOS mechanism and it was then tried using a humidity sensor(Sze, 2012). The rate of power consumption is a very vital criterion in this design and it is highly monitored and it is reduced further by using an interface circuit with charge transfer mechanism. In our case study design, a converter of a capacitance to pulse width is constructed with the help of building blocks(B, 2013). The designed circuit was then fabricated in 0.35m by the help of the CMOS technology which makes it easier to build this circuit in a small single chip. The resultant small chip circuit was tested with a variable MEMS capacitor and a position sensor. Capacitive sensing This micro sensor sense variation of chemical and physical stimulus, it achieves this by detecting the change in dielectric properties or sometimes displacement properties of a solid material. A lot of consideration is take in the designing of the structure of this sensing element to determine how the stimulus impact on capacitance value. The vital concepts of the capacitive sensors are illustrated further as below; The basic configuration of capacitive sensors. A meek configuration of this sensor is to have two electrodes which are parallel to one another having a distance of g between them and an overlapping cross sectional area A(Huddleston, 2011). Then we obtain the capacitance of this circuit as below Where; 0 is taken as vacuums permittivity, r is dielectric relative permittivity between the two parallel electrodes. Capacitive sensing based on variation in the gap. The most common method of capacitive sensing is grounded on varying the plates distance of separation g. And this is easily analyzed from the fact that the separation gap is inversely proportional to the capacitance. When the impedance of the capacitor is taken the behavior is linear but the output will be nonlinear if a direct measurement of the capacitance is taken(Shoop, 2011). Thus the direct measurement always needs further conditioning of the signal to help compensate for that reciprocal (the inverse proportionality) between the motion of the electrodes and the capacitance. The diagram of this setup can be illustrated in the figure below The major bottleneck of this parallel plate capacitive sensor is that it has cross sensitivity along other axes to the motion. This bottleneck can be reduced by enclosing fully the electrodes edge by one another. The different dimensions will help to make sure that the two plates are overlapping constantly leading to a reduction of errors generated by the motion along the edges. There is also another source of nonlinearity in the parallel plate of the sensor occurs along the edge of the two parallel plates and it is known as fringe fields. But this no linearity is reduced by adding some guard rings to the sensor resulting in a homogenous electric field between the parallel plates. This guard ring is an additional electrode which is separated by a non-conductor(Sanson, 2011). This insulator (nonconductor) encloses the sensing electrode in the same potential. The following diagrams show how the field lines are distorted in guard marketing but in the sensing electrode it remains uniform ; Even if these techniques decline the nonlinear effects in this capacitive sensor, the major challenge of using these capacitive sensors with changing gaps is the bound to useful Motion's range. The sensing range of this capacitive sensor is highly limited by the reciprocal relationship the capacitance and the motion as seen above. Capacitive Sensing based on variation in cross sectional area. This is another group of sensors which operate on the basis of variation in the overlap between the areas of the electrodes. The common cross section area of the plates is varied by a horizontal movement of one of the two plates against the other plate(Baxter, 2013). Due to the values of capacitance and the area are proportionally linear, the measured capacitance will relate to the displacement linearly. The precision of these kinds of sensors depends on the mechanical precision of the electrodes. If the electrodes surfaces are rough, deformed, change the distance between the electrodes then there will be the nonlinear impact on any type of measurement. The diagram below shows parallel plate capacitor with a ring of the guard. Application of capacitive sensors. The application of this type of sensor can be discussed best under two basic applications. Micro-scale application of capacitive sensors. Macro-scale application of capacitive sensors. Macro-scale application of the capacitive sensing. These small sensors are employed in so many applications in micro and macro-devices for detecting both chemical and physical properties(Bracke, 2013). These properties include the humidity, proximity, strain, pressure, and acceleration. One of the advantages of this type of sensor is the ease of producing several such sensors at a relatively low cost. Another vital merit of the capacitive sensor is its low power consumption. This advantage is realized since this sensor operates only on AC and they do not require any DC which makes them ideal for low power consumption. Other major advantages of these type of sensors include the following; Relative insensitivity to temperature Good resolution, speed, and stability They have simple structure They are highly compatible with micro fabrication techniques One major application of the capacitive sensor is to monitor the level of liquid in a container. In this application, high sensing resolution is needed which can be given by capacitive sensing. The structure of the electrode has a long electrode and one is divided into insulated sections. The test electrode is connected at the same time to readout circuit while the rest are all earthed (connected to the ground). The variation in the capacitance measured from each electrode the other gives info concerning the liquid level inside the tank. The following diagram shows a capacitive level detector in a liquid container. The proximity sensor (capacitive) sense the presence the objects nearby without necessarily having the physical contact(Aezinia, 2012). Measurement of proximity includes a very big number of measurements taken from technology and science. For several practical applications, it is necessary to be capable to take a measurement of small variation in the distance between any two parts. The figure below shows a capacitive proximity sensor in its cross sectional view. From the above diagram of the proximity sensor, it operates on the principle of fringe capacitance which is between the electrodes having a ring shaped orientation. When an object is brought close to the field of fringing the value of the capacitance will increase (this shows the proximity of the object). It is not a must that the target object to be a conductor, it can be an insulator as well. Micro-scale application of capacitive sensors. In this application, the change in capacitance leads to the variation in dielectric properties, gaps, area of the material put between the two parallel electrodes. For the micro-scale applications, the capacitive sensors are usually referred to as capacitive MEMS (Microelectromechanical systems). Pressure sensors (MEMS) works on the basis of the deflection of the membrane as pressure is applied. In this capacitive sensor for detecting pressure, the capacitance will change due to the change in the gaps between a fixed electrode and the membrane(Aezinia, 2012). For the horizontal moving structure, the capacitive element area is highly limited due to the MEMS small thickness of between 1 m to 100 m. Thus, the variation in capacitance will be small as the structure moves. The integrated electrode is always employed in this type of application to help increase the actual area in between the electrodes. Integrated electrodes are always known as comb structure always increases the area of overlap between the two electrodes and it also helps to advance the linearity at the output. If the top electrode moves to the fixed electrode at the lowest part the value of the capacitance will increase between the two parallel electrodes(Lindstrom, 2013). And the value of the capacitance can be given by the following equation; Conclusion To summarize, the capacitive sensor a good design for this case study since it highly emphasizes on dynamic range, power consumption, an optimal resolution which are all positive in its design. Where the synchronous demodulation offers a high resolution. The dynamic range of sensing of this type of sensor is increased by using a novel architecture (of synchronous demodulation technology). The circuit sensor was fabricated by using the CMOS technology in 0.35m. The most design criteria of this sensor are the low power consumption(Tur, 2013). The CMOS technology help to fabricate the whole circuit in a small single chip which helps to reduce the material used and also increase the production of this sensor. References Aezinia, F. (2012). Design of interface circuit for capacitive sensing application . Manchester: Newness. B, J. (2013). EDN, Electrical Design News. Hull: Rogers psychology Company. Baxter, L. K. (2013). Capacitive Sensors: Design and Applications. London: John Wiley Sons. Bracke, W. (2013). Ultra Low Power Capacitive Sensor Interfaces. Mumbey: Springer Science Business Media. Hart, J. (2012). Electronic Design. Washington DC: Hayden Publishing Company. Huddleston, C. (2011). Intelligent Sensor Design Using the Microchip dsPIC. Amsterdam : Newnes. J?h?, D. (2013). IEICE Transactions on Electronics. Tokyo: Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers. Lindstrom, E. R. (2013). Proceedings of the 1987 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference: Accelerator Engineering and Technology management. Manchester: IEEE. Masten, M. K. (2012). Analog electronic: Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing. Colorado: SPIE. Rong Wu, J. H. (2013). Precision Instrumentation Amplifiers and Read-Out Integrated Circuits. Tokyo: Springer Science Business Media,. Sanson, L. D. (2011). CMOS technology and fabrication . accounting: Newness press. Shoop, B. L. (2011). Photonic Analog-to-Digital Conversion. Chicago: Springer . Sze, S. M. (2012). Semiconductor sensors. Manchester : J. Wiley. Tur, D. (2013). Acquisition, Tracking, and Pointing. Chicago: The Society.

Overpopulation in China and India Essay Example

Overpopulation in China and India Paper Some of the policies created by China and India have shown to be very effective in repressing the growth of the population while others barely make a difference. Differing Ideas and approaches to enforcement have produced different effects which, ultimately, help people know whose policy is more effective. Chinas One-Child policy has proven to be more successful than Indians policies because the when the policys enactment, paired with strict enforcement, brought about beneficial effects. When India gained its independence from England in 1947, their economy Egan to improve and the country started to establish their authority in the world. In addition, their population started to grow at a more rapid pace. India had old traditions embedded in their culture. Traditions like child marriage, early pregnancy and having many children lead to uncontrolled increase in population. In 1952, when the government finally saw how scarce their resources had become, the National Population Policy became the first official step towards control over population growth (India Population and). It sought to address the need for contraception, healthcare infrastructure and o provide basic reproductive and child health care to its people. However, India was not rigid in implementing its policies. They took a milder approach in controlling the population by integrating family planning with general health care. The policies helped spread the word of the importance of having less children but it did not help reduce birth rates. In response to further reduce birth rates, more programs and policies were enacted. By 1975, population control became a regularly taught subject in school curriculums. Also, financial rewards were given to couples who refrained from having hillier for n;v0 years. We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in China and India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in China and India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Overpopulation in China and India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Despite these attempts, none made a huge impact on the countrys increasing population. The government was able to inform couples the importance of having fewer children which caused a minor drop in birth rates, but not a significant one. The policy could be effective; because the policy was lenient and unforced, citizens would be more open to following it. At the same time, though, the flexibility will cause people to not take the policy seriously, resulting in no decrease in birth rates. Like India, China also faced a decreasing amount of resources with the rapidly increasing population. In 1 956, China took action to suppress a rapidly growing population with the use of propaganda. They soon realized that it made very little impact. After many attempts and failures, the government enacted the One-Child Policy law in 1 979 (Worded). This law stated that each family could only have one child except those with special circumstances (Worded). The program was a sophisticated system which rewarded those who observed the policy and penalized those who did not (Worded). If a family did not follow the One-Child Policy, they could receive a high fine, some amounting P to six times a couples annual income (Worth). Forced abortions and sterilization was common in women who did not obey the law (China steps). Those who adopted the law received special benefits. If a family agreed to have only one child, they received $72, a fortune for the Chinese people, after they turned 60 (China Rewards). China, as a result of their strife, has prevented around 400 million babies from being born, a successful feat for the overpopulated country (Retell). China has seen healthy economical growth which might not have happened if the population had been inappropriately larger. Thanks to the policy, other negative effects of overpopulation were thwarted and did not create a major impact to the society. Even with these benefits, there remain downfalls. A new dilemma has arisen named the 4-2-1 problem, which states that since a daughter or son in a family will be an only child, that one child must care for their two parents and their four grandparents when they are too old (Hester). Also, an even graver situation looms over China. Because the Chinese prefer boy children, the One-Child Policy means some couples may only get a female child. The overspent allows couples to have a second child if their first is a girl, but there are no third tries, even if the second is a girl as well (Worded). Many families, upset with their female child, have resorted to condemning their newborns to orphanages, abandoning them or even killing them. Because of the persecution of the female children, there are a smaller percentage of female children to male children (Fitzpatrick). The One-Child Policys strictness has been very beneficial to China in that it has prevented millions of births from occurring and helped in the countrys fight against pollution. However, the stern enforcement and punishment has led to couples abandoning and killing their babies and possible dilemmas for the future generations. In comparison, Chinas policy is clearly more effective than India in controlling their population. While Indians policy is mild, modest and not enforced, Chinas policy is strict and rigid. Indians policies make the citizens less likely to oppose the idea, but that same reason causes them to not think much of the rule, resulting in no birth rate decline. China, on the other hand, treats their policy much like a law. This makes the policy much more difficult to bypass. The rule may have brought upon some dilemmas, but even so, it has resulted in positive effects. Because of diligent enforcement, Chinas One-Child Policy has been more effective than Indians policies. It is projected that in 2030, India will surpass Chinas population. The projected population in India is 1. 53 billion and 1. 45 billion in China, which will be the countrys climax population. It is important to note however, that despite the efforts of both countries, China is still seeing a continued increase in birth rates but at a less paid pace compared to India.

A Tale of Two Cities Theme essays

A Tale of Two Cities Theme essays Ironically, the theme of A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens has nothing to do with geographical distance or size, as suggested by the title; rather it is predominately about resurrection. Throughout the novel, resurrection plays a vital role in the plot of the story that adds to its appeal. One must note however, that the theme of redemption and rebirth are closely tied with resurrection. The theme of resurrection is first portrayed in Book I with the phrase recalled to life. This phrase indicates Dr. Manettes release from 18 years of solitary confinement, which commences the plot of Dickenss story. Lucie Manette, the daughter of Dr. Manette, then nourishes her father back to his right state of mind, resurrecting him from his psychological difficulties. The theme of resurrection is exemplified even more in Book II. Jerry Crunchers nighttime job of grave robbing directly illustrates the theme; he literally raises people from the dead. With the acquittal of the jury, Charles Darnay is resurrected from his seemingly inevitable fate of torture and death. Roger Cly is given another chance to live when he fakes his own death just like the aristocrat, Foulon. Sydney Cartons life and spirit is resurrected by Lucies compassion as stated in the following quote: ...I wish you to know that you have been the last dream of my soul... that the sight of you and your father...has stirred old shadows that I thought had died out of me... (Bk. II, Ch. 13, p. 154) Furthermore, Darnays identity as an Evrmonde, a hated name throughout France, is resurrected, stirring up the old fears and mental state in Dr. Manette. In Book III, Sydney Cartons heroic sacrifice is the best example of resurrection. Under the blade of the guillotine, Carton says, I am the Resurrection and the life, saith the Lord; he that believeth in me, though he were dead, yet shall he live: and wh...

Influence of McDonald's Company on the State of the US Economy Essay

Influence of McDonald's Company on the State of the US Economy - Essay Example The primary challenge currently facing McDonald’s is the worsening state of the US economy, as concerns mount about a possible recession. In late January, the company reported a $1.2 billion fourth-quarter profit but warned of weakness in the US market. Same-restaurant sales were essentially flat in Dec. 2007, sparking fears that the one-month result might portend a trend. It was the growth in international sales that allowed for the company’s overall gains. The American market is the company’s largest and most crucial, with over 14,000 locations (â€Å"McDonald’s Posts Profit†). A Feb. 8 company press release reinforced the concerns about the domestic market, with US comparable sales only up 1.9 percent, while for Europe and the Asia/Pacific, Middle East and Africa bloc, sales were up 8.2 and 7.8 percent, respectively (â€Å"Strong Global Results†). If the current US slowdown leaks into the global marketplace, companies like McDonald’s may no longer by able to count on foreign sales to bolster the bottom line. The economic woes in America are tightening many pocketbooks and forcing even habitual fast-food customers to cut back. After decades of economic expansion and ever-growing consumer expenditures, signs are legion that the days of easy credit are over and that belt-tightening measures are becoming more the norm than the exception across the American landscape. The unfolding housing bubble collapse has had a major impact, as have continued nationwide job contractions. Even value-oriented businesses like McDonald’s are likely to be hit by potential customers staying home rather than coming out to their restaurants (Goodman 1). In addition, food prices have been rising steadily as have oil and gasoline costs, putting a severe squeeze on the average American consumer. In February, consumer confidence fell to its lowest level since 1992, according to a closely watched national survey. All of this is causing consumers to cut back on non-essential items (Grynbaum 1). Food is not a non-essential item, but the challenge to McDonald’s management is to revive stagnant domestic sales by convincing more potential consumers that they are better served by visiting their local restaurant as opposed to making meals at home. Once a significant enough number of people become convinced of this, it would help to break same-restaurant sales in the US out of its current flat-growth pattern.

Johnson and Johnson Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Johnson and Johnson - Term Paper Example Product positioning is a vital marketing tool for any organization to make the products superior compared to other competitors’ products. It comprises developing a unique, reliable and standard customer insight about a company’s offerings and brand image. Organizations can position their products on the basis of utilization, cost, or quality. The advertisements play significant part for positioning the products and the offerings of organizations. Through advertisement, organizations position their products by the way of promoting the differentiators to the customers. To become successful, organizations need effective promotion, advertising and sales initiatives and without them there will be less opportunity for future development of business. The purpose of the paper is to describe the advertising and its impact on positioning of Johnson & Johnson Company. The objective will be accomplished by two phases, firstly describing the product positioning and illustrating how organizations can use it to position their products, secondly, how Johnson & Johnson had used advertisement for positioning one of its popular brands named Tylenol. The reason for choosing this topic is to know the relationship between positioning and advertising and to understand the importance of positioning in business. Company Background Johnson & Johnson is one of the most admired organizations, which trades pharmaceutical and healthcare products. Its business operations are expanded to around 60 nations with more than 250 business units. The company invests significant amount on marketing and advertising of their products to the customers. In the year 2010, Johnson & Johnson expended almost 19,424 USD for marketing and managerial purposes. The company provides significant importance on advertisements. The major advertisement media used by Johnson & Johnson are television, radio, print and internet. In the year 2010, the total advertisement spending on Johnson & Johnson was alm ost 2.4 billion USD which indicates that advertisements are used by the company for positioning the brand. Through advertisements, Johnson & Johnson seeks to maintain close relation with the customers and provide useful information about their products. Today, billions of people globally use the products of Johnson & Johnson which is possible due to efficient positioning strategy of the company (Johnson & Johnson Services, â€Å"Annual Report 2010†). Product Positioning Product positioning is an essential element of customers’ purchasing process. It provides the opportunity to encourage the customers’ insights regarding company’s products. Rich, brief and meaningful product positioning assists organizations to communicate message regarding products to customers so that they can accept and be familiar with the product offerings among other substitute products. For successful positioning, organizations need to undertake three steps. First, organizations sho uld recognize the characteristics of target market, i.e. how target market makes their purchasing decisions. After that, organizations need to recognize the type of competition, i.e. how the rival companies are positioning their products and what strategies are they using for successful positioning. Then, organizations must find out the major strengths of their products and assess the purchasing criteria. If the purchasing criteria satisfy the requirements of target customers effectively, organizations can position their products and ultimately can yield better returns. If there is no vacant product position to be filled in the market, then the organization needs to find out the competitor to compete, with a certain product position that can ensure success (On The Mark, â€Å"

Types of Earthing Systems

Types of Earthing Systems Introduction Purpose of earthing in an electric power system is to limit, with respect to the general mass of earth, the potential of current carrying conductors, which are part of the equipment, and non- current carrying metal works, associated with the equipment, apparatus and appliances connected to the system. Type of Earthing Systems There are four main type of earthing systems. These include: TN systems Point directly to ground, the exposed conductive parts connected to this point the installation of the protection of conductors. Two types of TN system are approved for new installations in South Africa. These are defined according to the arrangement of neutral and protective conductors, as follows: TN-S system: in which throughout the system, a separate protective conductor is used; TN-C-S system: in which the neutral and protective functions combined in a single command chain of system. TT system Which one point is directly earthed, the exposed-conductive-parts of the installation being connected to earth electrodes electrically independent of the earth electrodes of the power system. The TT system is not permitted for new installations in South Africa, but still exists in many of the older areas. IT system Which has all live parts isolated from earth, or one point connected to earth through an impedance, the exposed-conductive-parts of the electrical installation being earthed independently or collectively or to the earthing of the system. The IT system is not used for the public distribution of electricity, but is used in private installations, mainly for reasons of continuity of service. Three phases IT systems with a distributed neutral can in certain circumstances result in hazardous conditions. This latter type of IT system is to be deprecated. The problems of voltage variations between phase and neutral that can result from a break in the neutral, are common to all types of low voltage distribution systems. The increasing usage of the TN-C-S system has however introduced a further dimension to the consequences of a loss of the neutral conductor. TN-C-S system Mainly for economic reasons, across the globe, the TN-C-S power system is becoming more and more widely used for the distribution of low voltage electrical power. The concept of combining the neutral and protective functions in a single conductor immediately resulted in the elimination of one of the five distributed conductors that are required for a three phase TN-S system (three phases, one neutral and one protective conductor). In a TN-C-S system, the separate protective conductor (PE) for each consumer, is created by simply tapping off a second parallel conductor from the PEN conductor at a location that is close to or at the point of supply to individual consumers. The parallel conductor in the installation then becomes the neutral conductor. The main disadvantage of the TN-C-S distribution system is this unprotected hazardous condition that could arise in the event of a break in the PEN conductor. This hazard continues to exist independent of the presence of any protection devices that may be installed. In the event of a break in the PEN conductor, all exposed conductive parts will remain live irrespective of the operating state of the main switching or isolating device whether it is ON (closed) or OFF (open). Current practice of bonding in HK Types of low voltage system as defined by the IEC and IEE are identified by the connections to earth of the source (system earth) and the exposed conductive parts of the electrical installation (equipment earth). If these earth terminals are not boned together by a metallic conductor the system is classified as TT, and the path for earth fault currents is then through the actual earth or ground,. If the terminals are bonded together with a reliable and low impedance metallic connection the return path will not be through the earth and the system is classified as TN-S. The terms on which the CLP Power Hong Kong Ltd. and the Hong Kong Electric Co., Ltd. will supply electricity are subject to the Electricity Supply Ordinance, and the regulations and conditions laid down in the common set of Supply Rules published by both companies. By virture of his application for electricity supply or his obtaining electricity from the Company, a consumer is bound by and shall abide by the Supply Rules and other terms and conditions. Supply Rule 407.1 requires that for every electrical installation the consumer must provide his own earth electrode system by which the exposed conductive parts of his installation are connected to earth. That is, all exposed conductive parts of the installation shall be connected by protective conductors to the main earthing terminal of the installation and that terminal shall be connected to earth electrode(s) via an earthing conductor. This means that every installation is connected to be part of a TT system. Rule 407.3.f. (iii) further states that where the supply is taken direct from the Companys transformer or via underground cable, the Company may allow the consumer to provide a bonding conductor between his main earthing terminal and the Companys transformer earth or metallic sheaths of the service cable. Therefore, the installation will be operated as part of a TN-S system. However, this rule also states that in the measurement of the earth fault loop impedance or testing the operation of protective devices, the said bonding conductor must be disconnected, i.e. the design and commissioning of the installation must assume a TT system.

Human Growth and Development Research Paper Essay

Abstract The following research paper will be written on schizophrenia. I will discuss what schizophrenia is. I will discuss the history behind this chronic disease. Also, who is affected by it? In addition, how common it is in some people. And, I will talk about the different types. Furthermore, I will discuss the causes of schizophrenia. If schizophrenia is hereditary? And the different types of symptoms. Also, how it is diagnosed. Lastly, I will talk over the treatment for people with schizophrenia. What is Schizophrenia? Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental illness. It is considered one of the psychotic mental disorders and is described by symptoms of thought, behavior, and social problems. The thought problems associated with schizophrenia are described as psychosis, in that the person’s thinking is completely out of touch with reality at times. An example of this would be, the sufferer of this disease may hear voices or see people that are not actually present or feel lik e bugs are crawling on their skin when there are none. The individual with this disorder may also have disorganized speech, behavior, physically rigid, significantly decreased feelings, and delusions, which are ideas about themselves or others that have no basis in reality (for example, the individual might experience paranoia, in that he or she thinks others are plotting against them when they are not). What is the history of schizophrenia? The term schizophrenia has only been in use since 1911. The word â€Å"schizophrenia† is less than 100 years old. Soon before that, it was deemed a separate mental illness in 1887 by Emil Kraepelin. Despite the fact that it is a more recent known disease, it has been described throughout written history. Ancient Egyptian, Hindu, Chinese, Greek, and Roman writings described symptoms similar to the symptoms of schizophrenia. During medieval times, schizophrenia, like other illnesses, was often viewed as evidence of the sufferer being possessed by spirits or evil powers. The film â€Å"A Beautiful Mind† depicts the life of a man named John Nash, a noted scientist, and his struggles with paranoid schizophrenia. In history, all people who were considered â€Å"abnormal,† whether due to mental illness, mental retardation, or physical deformities, were treated the same. Early theories  invented that mental disorders were caused by â€Å"evil possession† of the body, and the appropriate treatment was then get rid of these demons, through various means, reaching from innocuous treatments, such as exposing the patient to certain types of music, to dangerous and sometimes deadly means, such as releasing the evil spirits by drilling holes in the patient’s skull. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. 1996-2009. Schizophrenia.com. Who is affected, and who is it most common in? Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population, corresponding to more than 2 million people in the United States and 100,000-200,000 newly diagnosed people every year. Other statistics about schizophrenia include that it affects men about one and a half times more commonly than women and that 50% of people in hospital psychiatric care have schizophrenia. Diagnosis is usually in people aged 17-35 years with the illness appearing earlier in men (in the late teens or early 20s) than in women (who are affected in the 20s to early 30s). Although there have been fewer studies on schizophrenia in children compared to adults, researchers are finding that children as young as 6 years old can be found to have all the symptoms of their adult counterparts and continue to have those symptoms into adulthood. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. What are the different types of Schizophrenia? There are five different types of schizophrenia, each based on the kind of symptoms the person has at the time of assessment. Firstly, there is paranoid schizophrenia. In this type the individual is preoccupied with one or more delusions or many auditory hallucinations but does not have symptoms of disorganized schizophrenia. On the other hand, disorganized schizophrenia is when the prominent symptoms are disorganized speech and behavior, as well as flat or inappropriate affect. The person does not have enough symptoms to be characterized as suffering from catatonic schizophrenia. On that note, catatonic schizophrenia is when the person with this type of schizophrenia primarily has at least two of the following symptoms: difficulty moving, resistance to moving, excessive movement, abnormal movements, and/or repeating what others say or do. Also, there is undifferentiated schizophrenia: This is characterized by episodes of two or more of the resulting symptoms: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech or behavior, catatonic behavior, but the individual does not qualify for a diagnosis of paranoid, disorganized, or catatonic type of schizophrenia. Lastly, there is residual schizophrenia: While the full-blown  characteristic positive symptoms of schizophrenia (those that involve an excess of normal behavior, such as delusions, paranoia, or heightened sensitivity) are absent, the sufferer has a less severe form of the disorder or has only negative symptoms (symptoms characterized by a decrease in function, such as withdrawal, disinterest, and not speaking). Overall, those are all the different types of schizophrenia, there descriptions, and symptoms. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. What Are Causes of Schizophrenia? There are many causes to schizophrenia. Rather, it is the result of a complex group of genetic, psychological, and environmental factors. Genetically, schizophrenia is very similar to bipolar disorder, in the two disorders they both share a number of the same risk genes. However, the fact is that both illnesses also have some genetic factors that are unique. Environmentally, the risks of developing schizophrenia can even occur before birth. For example, the risk of schizophrenia is increased in individuals whose mother had one of certain infections during pregnancy. Difficult life circumstances during childhood, like the early loss of a parent, parental poverty, bullying, witnessing parental violence; emotional, sexual, or physical abuse; physical or emotional neglect; and insecure attachment have been associated with the development of this illness. The environment and the beings around the child as its young can decide whether or not the person suffers of that disease. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. Is Schizophrenia Hereditary? One of the most frequently asked question about schizophrenia is if it is hereditary. Like most of the other mental disorders, schizophrenia is not directly passed from one generation to another genetically, but it is known to run in families. Consequently, the risk of illness in an identical twin of a person with schizophrenia is 40%-50% and a child of a parent suffering from schizophrenia has a 10% chance of developing the illness. So, yes schizophrenia is somewhat hereditary. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. What are some signs or symptoms of schizophrenia? When it comes to symptoms there are two different categories. There are positive and negative symptoms. Positive: – Beliefs that have no basis in reality (delusions) – Hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling, or tasting things that have no basis in reality (hallucinations) – Disorganized speech – Disorganized behaviors – Catatonic behaviors Negative: – Inhibition of facial expressions – Lack of motivation/ speech 1996-2014  MedicineNet. How is schizophrenia diagnosed? There is no test that definitively indicates that someone has schizophrenia. Therefore, health care officials diagnose this disorder by gathering comprehensive medical, family, and mental-health information. Patients have a tendency to to benefit when the practitioner takes into account their client’s entire life and background. This consists of but is not restricted to the person’s gender, sexual orientation, cultural, religious and ethnic background, and socioeconomic status. The symptom sufferer might be asked to fill out a self-test that the practitioner will review if the person being appraised is able to complete it. The practitioner will also either perform a physical examination or request that the individual’s primary-care doctor perform one. The medical examination will usually include lab tests to evaluate the person’s general health and to explore whether or not the individual has a medical condition that might p roduce psychological symptoms. Also, mental-health professionals are often exploring if the individual suffers from hallucinations or delusions, depression and/or manic symptoms, anxiety, substance abuse, as well as some personality disorders and developmental disorders. As a result, some of the symptoms of schizophrenia can also occur in other mental illnesses, the mental-health screening is to determine if the individual suffers from schizoaffective disorder or other psychotic disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, or a substance-abuse or personality disorder. Any disorder that is associated with bizarre behavior, mood, or thinking, like borderline personality disorder or another psychotic disorder, as well as dissociative identity disorder, also known as multiple personality disorder, which may be particularly challenging to tell between from schizophrenia. In order to judge the person’s current emotional state, health-care providers perform a mental-status examination as well . In addition, providing treatment that is appropriate to the diagnosis, determining the presence of mental illnesses that may co-occur with schizophrenia is important in improving the life of individuals with schizophrenia. For example, people with schizophrenia are at increased risk of depression, or thoughts of suicide. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. What are some treatments for schizophrenia? There are a number  of helpful treatments available; medication remains the key of treatment for people with schizophrenia. These medications are often referred to as antipsychotics since they help decrease the intensity of psychotic symptoms. Many health-care professionals prescribe one of these medications, sometimes in combination of one or more other psychiatric medications, in order to maximize the benefit for the person with schizophrenia. Medications that are thought to be particularly effective in treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia include olanzapine (Zyprexa), risperidone (Risperdal), quetiapine (Seroquel), ziprasidone (Geodon), aripiprazole (Abilify), paliperidone (Invega), asenapine (Saphis), lurasidone (Latuda), and lloperidone (Fanapt). These medications are the newer collection of antipsychotic medications, also called second-generation antipsychotics. They are known for having the ability to work quickly compared too many other psychiatric medications. As a group of medications, side effects that occur most often include sleepiness, dizziness, and increased appetite. In addition to medication there are psychosocial treatments. One, Family psycho-education: In addition to educating family members about the symptoms, course, and treatment of schizophrenia, this form of treatment consists of providing family support, problem-solving skills, and access to care providers during times of crises. Secondly, there is the treatment of Social skills training: Also called illness management and recovery programming, social-skills training involve teaching clients ways to handle social situations appropriately. It often involves the person scripting (thinking through or role-playing) situations that occur in social settings in order to prepare for those situations when they actually occur. This treatment type has been found to help people with schizophrenia resist using drugs of abuse, as well as improve their relationships with health-care professionals and with people at work. Although, these are only a couple of the many options for treatment; these are some of the best. 1996-2014 MedicineNet. References: http://www.medicinenet.com/schizophrenia_pictures_slideshow/article.htmhttp://schizophrenia.com/family/sz.overview.htm http://www.medicinenet.com/schizophrenia/article.htm http://www.helpguide.org/mental/schizophrenia_symptom.htm Title Schizophrenia Authors John M. Neale, Thomas F. Oltmanns Edition illustrated Publisher John Wiley & Sons, 1980 Original from the University of California Digitized Aug 24, 2010 ISBN 0471630861, 9780471630869 Length 554 pages http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schizophrenia

The Four basic Factors of McDonaldization

In today's' complicated and ever changing society, we often try to achieve a sense of stability and familiarity around us. One way our culture has tried to make life a little easier is by implementing a function now know as â€Å"McDonaldization†. McDonaldization is defined as â€Å"the process by which the principles of the fast food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as the rest of the world. † (1) The success of McDonalds, and of McDonaldization as a whole, is due to four basic factors–efficiency, calculability, predictability, and control. One of the first functions of McDonaldization is efficiency. Efficiency means choosing the optimum means to an given end. In our society, people like to have things go as quickly and as smoothly as possible, but they do not want to find out the fastest way themselves. Instead, people like to have a system that has already been used and that they know works. Efficiency has its advantages for both consumers, who get what they want quickly and with little effort, and for workers, who can perform their tasks in a simple manner. The fast food industry is very streamlined, because hamburgers are the simplest ood there is to make. Other foods also do not need a lot of ingredients, and they are simple to make and to eat. Most of the food is also prepared so one can eat it with their hands, thereby reducing the need for utensils. In the process of McDonaldization, consumers are forced to do a good deal of work as well. They have to stand on line, carry their own food, and throw out the garbage. This is not as efficient for the consumer, but it saves time for the workers. Education, health care, and the work place are all becoming McDonaldalized in order to become more efficient. Efficiency in McDonaldization has streamlined many processes, simplified goods and services, and forces the consumer to do work as well. Another factor of McDonaldization is calculability. This tends to put more of an emphasis on quantity rather than quality, but it allows the consumer to get a lot of food quickly. When things are easily counted, it facilitates the process by making it more predictable by using the same amount of materials. Part of McDonalds is an emphasis on size. Everything is â€Å"super sized,† or have names that make food items seem larger than they actually are. Calculability, however, also leads to the quality of the food being neglected. Because people feel as if they are getting a lot of food for their money, they are not as worried about how good it tastes. Food is always weighed and measured precisely, which is another part of calculability. All burgers weigh the same amount, there are the same number of fries in each container, and the new drink machines dispense the same amount to each cup. This same theory is seen in our education system. Students are herded through, and no one really pays much attention to what or how they are earning, just that they receive high grades so they can get into a good college. Health care has also seen the impact of these, because now patients are mainly treated just to squeeze some money out of them, and doctors seemingly don't truly care about their patients anymore. Calculability basically reduces the quality of goods, but improves the The third function of McDonaldization is predictability. In our society, people usually want to know exactly what to expect from a given situation. Predictability gives the consumer a break from having to make difficult decisions, and the worker can perform heir task with little effort. The needs of everyone become easily anticipated. One of the first places predictability became common was with motel chains. Before motels became franchised, guests didn't know exactly what they would be getting, for the good or the bad. But then hotels such as Holiday Inn and Howard Johnson's started, and guests knew exactly what they were going to get when they stayed there. This new practice was copied in the food industry, namely by McDonalds. First, they started with a large and noticeable sign, that could be easily recognized. People from around the world now know he McDonalds symbol is a giant yellow â€Å"M†. Something else that is predictable is the way employees are forced to interact with customers. Employees have a set script that they must follow, and this gives them some control over their customers. Their work is also done in the same manner, for example, the hamburgers all must be cooked the exact same way for the same amount of time. They also must dress and act in a certain way. Customers themselves behave predictably in fast food restaurants, as they get their food, carry it to their table, eat, clean their trash, and leave. Now everyone knows this is the ay one must act in a fast food restaurant. The food itself is predictable as well, and there are not many choices in fast food restaurants. It is basically the same from food chain to food chain. Predictability is also found in other institutions, such as in education. Professors usually stand in the front of the class, near a blackboard while they lecture. Most colleges offer the same type of classes, and even testing is similar, if multiple choice tests are used. Health care as well is based on a series of rules, regulations and controls that restrict the physicians and keep their behavior controlled. Malls, home cooking, housing, and vacations are all getting very predictable as well. Predictability is achieved in a number of ways, mainly by the replication of settings, the use of scripts and a routine way of acting, as well as a routine product. The final dimension of McDonaldization is increased control. Recently, new technologies have been developed in order to control the actions of the people. Robots and computers are both easier to deal with and to manage than people. Organizations hope to gain control over people by using and developing new and more effective technologies. One people are controlled, their behavior is easily manageable and machinelike, and when that happens, people can then be replaced by robots. Fast food restaurants do not have cooks, because that would mean they were forced to rely on one person. Instead, their is a simple process that anyone can be trained to do, and following certain steps leads to the same product. McDonalds already as a number of new technologies which reduces the need for actual people to work. There is a soft drink dispenser that shuts itself off automatically, a french fry machine that can cook the fries tself, and a cash register with the prices preset. Robots have a number of advantages over people, because they cost less, increase efficiency, need fewer workers, and they are never absent. Customers are controlled by the management as well. People know exactly what they must do in a drive through window, and also what to do inside the restaurant. Management discourages people from staying in the restaurant for very long, so that there is more room for other customers. The food is designed to be eaten quickly, and with little mess. In most food industries, technologies where humans basic role is only to plan nd maintain the system is becoming dominant, and replacing the processes where people must be skilled in order to work. Education is McDonaldized as well, because professors must follow a set curriculum, and class periods must conform to a certain length. Health care is controlled by various rules and bureaucracies, which are designed to control both the patient and the doctors. Advertising is used now at a more personal level, and tries to control the minds of the people into thinking a certain way. The main objective of control is the reduce the uncertainties of a business, and technology tries to control work related rocesses, as well as the finished product. McDonaldization is found all around us, even at Hofstra University. One aspect of university life which has become greatly McDonaldized is the registration process. At Hofstra, students must choose their own classes from a given list, and then meet with their advisor to approve it. They then have to take their registration card to Memorial Hall, where they take a number, and wait for their turn to be called. Only then can your For the first factor of McDonaldization, efficiency, the registration process is definitely not up to par. When students first get to Memorial, they are forced to take a number, like at a deli counter. They then must wait. And wait. And wait, just for their number to be called. Students are forced to wait for sometimes as long as three or four hours to make a schedule. Although it is better than a random free for all, with everyone scrambling around at the same time, there is still much that can be done to improve it. At some parts of the day, there are as few as three windows open, with more than one hundred students waiting. This process can hardly be called efficient, when some other niversities have phone or electronic registration, which can be completed in a few Calculability is also seen during the registration process. The main idea is to try to complete as many schedules in the shortest amount of time. However, this causes students to not receive any individualized attention, and they are forced to make their schedules on their own with little guidance. This is because the main interest is on quantity, rather than the quality of the schedules. In fact, the school prefers to have the lack of guidance, because it causes students to take unnecessary credits, and they then ust spend more time in school, while paying even more money. This system is fairly predictable, although not in a good way. During registration time, students know that they will have to spend many hours just waiting in line with nothing to do. They also can predict there will not be any seats left, that half of the windows will be closed by lunch time, and that it will always be about a million degrees in the waiting area. Students also are used to the gray schedule booklets, as well as the yellow registration cards. Seeing either of those items leads the students to think about xactly what they must go through, in order to register successfully. The final element, control, is seen as well. Students are being controlled by a tiny little slip of paper they hold in their hand, which has a simple number on it. That number signifies their place on line, but it was generated by a computer, which keeps track of how many people are waiting. Students also rely on the kiosk system, which shows which classes are still open, and which have been closed out. These factors help keep registration as a controlled process. McDonaldization is becoming more and more prevalent in today's changing world. However, it allows us to expect certain things, helps us to manage our time better, and make life in general a little bit simpler. It also, however, cuts down on the individuals of our society, and forces them to conform to a set standard, which is considered the norm. Some places are able to use McDonaldization effectively, while others are still struggling to implement it in a way which makes it work. It is a complicated process, which requires a good deal of thinking and brainstorming to manage successfully. All in all, McDonaldization has both positive and negative impacts on our world.

Essay on The Nature and Role of the Ocean in the Medieval...

The ocean in medieval times was a thing of great mystery to the ordinary medieval peasant. However to the explorers, the church and the educated the sea was a dangerous place. The ocean began to fascinate people in the time of the early Greeks. The Titans ruled the earth in the beginning, and Oceanus, son of Uranus and Gaea was one of them. In him [Oceanus] Homer salutes the essence of all things, even the Gods, and regards him as a divinity whose power was inferior to none but Zeus He was the father of all the rivers and lakes of the world. But then the Olympians rebelled against the Titans, Zeus drove Cronus into the western ocean. When Zeus had taken his place as head of the gods, not even the oceans tides could defy him.†¦show more content†¦In the North there were no deserts, so the monks had to go for the only other thing that would give them the isolation they desired. The Sea. Adamn#225;n refers to a certain B#225;it#225;n who asked for St. Columbas blessing before setting out in search of a desert place in the sea (in mari herimum) ... It is clear from Adamn#225;n that eremitical sea-voyages such as these were a familiar enough feature of the religious environment of the C7th The Monks formed monasteries on remote islands off the Irish coast, for example Skellig Michael, Co. Kerry and Inishmurray, Co. Sligo. They viewed themselves as white martyrs, leaving their families and friends to do good work for God and the church. Living in discomfort in little beehive huts sleeping on stone beds on windswept rocky crags in the ocean, they scraped together a living selling their crafts through an independent agent. The idea of penance and exile is closely tied up to the idea of white martyrdom, often there were civilians on the monastery and they were there to repent for their sins. 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