Review of Plant Defense Mechanisms essays

Review of Plant Defense Mechanisms essays This 10-page paper discusses plant defense mechanisms. It consists of an abstract, introduction, mechanisms of defense against insects and pathogens, disease resistance genes, biotechnologies, case studies and future research and practical applications. An imperiled plant is somewhat like a person. It has to depend on the defense mechanisms, both structural and metabolic to prevent harmful effects of the pathogens. It includes preexisting defense structures surface waxes, structure of epidermal cell walls, position of stomata and lenticels, thick cell walls, leaf hairs, defense structures formed in response to infection by the pathogen, histological defense structures, metabolic (biochemical) defense preexisting biochemical defense, metabolic defense induced by the attacking pathogen, defense through the hypersensitive reaction, defense through increased levels of phenolic compounds, "common" phenolics etc. Plants also activate a specific set of defense genes in response to the assault. Recent technologies have enabled us to have plants with "useful genes" only, thus providing better crops in larger number. Unlike traditional plant breeding, which involves the crossing of hundreds or thousands of genes, plant biotechnology allows f or the transfer of only one or a few desirable genes. This more precise science allows plant breeders to develop crops with specific beneficial traits and without undesirable traits. Many of these beneficial traits in new plant varieties fight plant pests insects, disease, and weeds that can be devastating to crops. Others provide quality improvements, such as tastier fruits and vegetables; processing advantages, such as tomatoes with higher solids content; and nutrition enhancements, such as oilseeds that produce oils with lower saturated fat content. An imperiled plant is somewhat like a person. It, too, relies on built-in safety mechanisms to ensure its well-being. While it can't exactly flee an...

Using Notepad for PHP

Using Notepad for PHP You dont need any fancy programs to work with the PHP programming language. PHP code is written in plain text. All Windows computers including those running Windows 10 come with a program called Notepad that creates and modifies plain-text documents. Saving PHP Documents In your text editor, just save the PHP source code with a PHP extension. Windows may or may not recognize PHP as a valid system file type, but it doesnt matter. You generally dont want Windows to attempt to execute a PHP script. You could, however, associate PHP as a file type that your favorite text editor manages, so double-clicking a PHP file will open it in that editor. Media Files Saved as PHP Some browser plugins that download media from web pages will incorrectly capture the media files correct extension. The file will save with the correct name, but with a PHP extension. This glitch occurs only occasionally and stems from the media file sourcing from a PHP-enabled page. All you need to do is change the PHP extension to something like MP4. Video-playback programs like VLC accept the MP4 extension without complaining, even if the underlying video type is something else. Writing PHP Unlike some programming and scripting languages, PHP is not sensitive to indentations. Therefore, any indentations you make to your PHP code to aid your readibility are fine. Other Programs to Edit PHP Files Notepad is simple, but its not the only choice. Mac users can use TextEdit. Hardcore programmers (usually, on Linux) rely on environments like Emacs or Vim. Better than using a text editor - which, by design, just edits text, without additional functionality - is to use a text editor optimized for coding. On the Windows platform, programs like Visual Studio Code, BB Edit, UltraEdit, and Notepad not only edit your text but can lint (analyze for errors) and format your code with special colors and related visual cues.

Main Aspects Of The Successful Concert Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Main Aspects Of The Successful Concert - Essay Example Amidst all the numerous instruments the audience was still able to concentrate on the performance and get the message clearly instead of being distracted by the instruments. However, I felt that some of the pieces were given a rather cold and unemotional performance than they deserved. The performers could have put more effort to make the pieces more lovely and alluring. Nevertheless, overall performance was insightful and great and left the audience feeling satisfied with no chance of regretting their decision to attend the concert. If I were to rate the concert, I would give the performers 8 out of 10. The first performance was three dances from The Three-Cornered Hat. The first piece of the three dances performed was the Neighbors Dance. The composer is Manuel de Falla, a Spanish man renowned for his magnificent compositions. The style period represented by this composition is modernity. The composition is based on a storybook that features three main characters, the Corregidor, the Miller, and Miller’s wife. The Neighbors Dance is a leisurely performance where Miller together with his wife joins their neighbor in a joyful dance. The genre represented in the performance of this piece is ballet. Ballet is a musical genre in the form of a dance involving formal steps and gestures. The feature that stood out most about the piece during the performance was the rhythm and passion that kept the audience captivated. Though the good application of rhythm achieved a soft and enchanting performance, I felt that this piece came out tense and dry. Regardless, it still was a superb disp lay of talent, practice, dedication, and mastery of techniques by the performers.

Akutagawa, Kesa and Morito Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Akutagawa, Kesa and Morito - Essay Example It seems from his arguments that marriage and morality are alternative beats of the same heart. Apparently marriage is being hailed as a respectable social relationship, but the ground realities are different. The demanding society acts as the vigilant guard over the male and female searching for a perfect bond. If during the personal interaction any one of them does not come up to the expectations of the other and opposite sex will dismiss the concerned individual as an unbefitting partner. Oscar Wilde scrutinizes the sway of Victorian society’s impracticable prospects on the concerned human being in The Importance of Being Earnest presenting how elimination process in marriage proposals whether from a potential partner or society as a whole, can end up with deception and practice of duplicity in life in order to meet the demanding conventions. The Nature of Marriage Oscar Wilde, true to his genius and writing style creates deliberate confusion about the institution of marria ge. The opening dialogue between Algernon and his butler Lane is a discussion between the two regarding the nature of marriage and they have arguments and counterarguments whether at the proposal stage of the marriage it should be considered as â€Å"business† of â€Å"pleasure.† Wilde is using the literary weapon of satire from the beginning itself, as the discussion is not between two intellectuals or philosophers but amongst two ordinary individuals. Lady Brackwell considers the issue from the psychological point of view of the girl to be married. For her, it is the emotional issue. â€Å"Pardon me, you are not engaged to anyone. When you do become engaged to someone, I, or your father, should his health permit him, will inform you of the fact. An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant, as the case may be. It is hardly a matter that she could be allowed to arrange for herself . . .† (Act I) Lady Bracknell does emphasize t he element of surprise but the real issue in her statement is something else. It indicates that the girl to be married has no choice, as per the social traditions in the Victorian Age and as such the event of engagement may be pleasant or unpleasant for the girl, as she is not a party in the selection of her life-partner. The finalization of the marriage proposal is an elaborate process. All secular issues related to the suitability of the groom are taken into account as per the traditionalist approach and fascinations of the Victorian decorum most importantly like social standing, earnings and character. The options are kept handy and Lady Bracknell has the list of prospective bachelors and a detailed questionnaire to which she questions Jack and they pertain to the expectations about the nature -and purpose of marriage. It is not an easy-going interaction for the prospective bachelor offering himself for marriage, and he has to go through an elaborate and intricate procedure of

Mental representation Essay Example for Free

Mental representation Essay Memory is defined as the process of storing and retreiving information. There are three major memory processes namely encoding, storing and retreival. During encoding, information is placed or stored in the memory by a mental representation. The information is being input to the mind for further retenetion. After being encoded the information or stimuli is now being stored. It is now placed in a permamnent mental state for later recall. The brain needs to process first as to what type of memory it has gathered before putting it to storage. This is where the idea of memory types emerge. Sensory memory is the initial step in memory which involves a process that hold visual and auditory information in its raw form for a very brief period of time. Examples of these are iconic (visual) and echoic (audio) memory. Thesetypes of memories are being stored for about a quarter of a second or more. Sensory memory prevent s the brain from being overwhelmed from too many incoming stimuli because anything that you do not attend or respond to will vanish in a matter of seconds. Rather than that, it also gives us decision time, stability, playback and recognition. After this process, the brain now determines whether to keep this memory for goof or not. Now it depends on which type of memory, either be long term or short term memory to which these informations can be retreived. This process is also called as the output of information from the memory system. From where this memory is retreived, now thats the big question. There are two types of memory retenetion namely short term memory and long term memory. Short term memory is also called the working memory that can hold only a limited amount of information and will remain up to 30 seconds (Cherry, 2010). It can hold an average of 7 items for a short period of time for approximately 20-30 seconds. However, despite its limited capacity and duartion, it can possibly increase through â€Å"chunking†. Short term memory can help us be attentive on a certain stimuli since it excludes other uncessesary ones. It can also improves ones retention of information since the is rehearsed in the mind over and over. Long term memory, however, is the type of memory that can store almost unlimited amounts of information for a long period of time (Cherry, 2010). There are two types of long term memory, first of which has another subdivision. Declarative memory involves memory of facts or evets. It can either be episodic or semantic. Episodic memory are knowledge of specific events, personal experiences or activities (such as naming or describing a favorite bar, songs, movies) while semantic memory involves knowledge of facts, concepts or words, definitions and language rules. Another type of long term memory is procedural which tackles about skills, habits, and things learned from classical conditioning. There are instances in which some people tend to forget. What may be the reasons for this? Forgetting is defined as the inability to retreive, recall or organize information that was stored or still stored in long term memory (Copeland, 2006). Most forgetting occurs because information in working memory was never transferred to long term memory. It can also occur because we lost our access to information that is in long term memory. One proposed theory to this was the repression theory. According to Sigmund Freud, informatio that is theatening to our self is automatically driven away into our consciousness from which we cannot retreive. It is one of his many proposed defense mechanisms. Another theory is the interference theory. It is defined as the inhibition of recall of certain information by the presence of other information in memory (Copeland, 2006). There are two types of interference: (1) retroactive and, (2) proactive. Retroactive interference is the decrease inability to recall previosuly learned information caused by learing new information while proactive is the exact opposite, defined as the decrease ability to learn new information caused by interference from existing information. In order to avoid these, psychologists suggests a number of ways to improve retention and to aid learning. One can increase their study time in order to store more memory. It will also be useful to distribute practice in order not ot mix up things. Speed reading is also advisable. Though speed reading can lead to poorer comprehension and retention of materials, it can also be useful if the materials are needed only for a short period of time. Arousal is also a factor to be considered. This means the stimulation of thoughts and conditioning of the mind. Sleep is an important factor to consider since sleep deprivation has a great effect in learning. References Cherry, Kendra. (2010). Memory: An Overview of Memory Retreived from http://www. psychology. about. com/ Copeland, David E. , Radvansky, Gabriel A. (2006). Memory retrieval and interference: working memory issues. Retreived from http://www. sciencedirect. com/ Defense mechanisms. (2010). Retreived from http://www. changingminds. org/

Roman Entertainment :: essays research papers

Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ancient Romans, like the Greeks, loved entertainment. Their idea of entertainment was usually something involving death and drama. They liked to watch plays, watch gladiators, participate or watch games, and watch or participate in animal hunts. Colosseum Events   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Colosseum is a famous arena that’s still partly standing today. This arena could seat over 50,000 people. On hot days, a canopy was raised over the Colosseum to protect the viewers from the heat.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the Colosseum, many events were held for the Romans to watch. Watching was free so that everyone could come. The events held almost always involved death and destruction. There were the gladiators, the feeding of people to lions, animals fighting animals, animal hunts, animal circus acts, and mock sea battles, where the Colosseum was flooded with water. The animals used in these events were kept below the Colosseum and an estimated 5,000 animals were killed the day the Colosseum opened. The animals were kept under the Colosseum. Gladiators   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gladiators are people who fight each other or wild animals for other people’s entertainment in ancient Rome. They usually fought in the Colosseum. People would gather from all over to see them fight until they die, since they usually didn’t survive. If a gladiator survived three to five years of fighting, he or she was released and allowed to go back home. Romans watched gladiators fight because they not only thought it entertaining, but also thought it would prepare them for war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People did not usually volunteer to be gladiators. Gladiators were slaves, condemned criminals, or prisoners of war. Someone called a lanista, or owner of gladiators would purchase these people. However, a few free men volunteered to be gladiators, though this did not happen often. Depending on what the person did or who the person was, the gladiators had different training and weapons. For example, a criminal that had committed a capital crime fought weaponless, while a criminal who did not commit a capital crime had training in a private gladiator school.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the private gladiator schools, gladiators trained every day and received medical attention and three meals a day to keep them healthy. They were allowed to pick the weapons and armor that best suited him or her. Different types of weapons resulted in different types of gladiators. The types of gladiators are: Andabatae, who wore helmets without eye holes, Catervarii, who fought not in pairs, but

Advantages and Disadvantages of ESL Course Books Essay

The use of course books in the ESL classroom is very common because the course books have the advantages of being visually appealing, easy for the teacher to prepare, and the activities fits well into the timetable. However, from the researcher’s own teaching experience, there are several problems and issues with the course books such as uninteresting topics, repetitive activities, and not enough language exposure. This in terms may affect the student’s learning attitude and motivation. Overall, using course books has its share of benefits and advantages such as having a well organized content with a consistency in the topics and genres for the four skill area (listening, speaking, reading, and writing). Teachers who adopt a course book may also find it easier to teach since most of the preparation, including the types of activities, audios and in some cases, achievement tests, are already done by the publisher. This would be a great help to those inexperienced teachers who are just getting started into teaching. However, nothing in the world is perfect and teachers need to somehow solve the issues and problems that may come with ESL course books. These issues and problems may include finding ways to motivate students and teaching students academic skills not found in the course books. In this sense, the teacher’s job is not as easy as it seems. Many hours of planning and developing other activities are still required, but these planning and development will benefit both the student and the teacher by making the classroom activities more fun, more interesting, and result in more learning.

How To Bulk Up And Gain Weight Essay

A lot of people will reach a stage when they want to bulk up and gain some muscle mass and the process of bulking up can be a frustrating one for many. The process of bulking up is pretty simple on paper but very hard to do in practice. With our expert advice, we will show you how to bulk up properly and safely. Always remember that although some people find it harder to bulk up than others, anyone can gain muscle weight with proper exercise and nutrition. You need to get to know your body type and this can only be done with some trial and error in the gym and the kitchen. Some people can just look at a weight and grow muscle while many people refer to themselves as hard gainers. In truth hard gainers will just have to eat more food to bulk up than non hard gainers which can be either a blessing or a curse depending on how you look at it. Hard gainers may find it harder to gain muscle but on the plus side they will stay leaner than most. Whatever body type you have the rules of bulking up are the same for everyone. You simply need to eat more calories than your body needs and you also need to perform heavy compound exercises. When you put it like this the whole process of bulking up and gaining muscle doesn’t sound so scary. The first, and probably the most important, rule of bulking up is that you must eat more calories than your body needs. Many people take this is a great excuse for gorging on junk food and eating whatever they feel like but I can tell you from experience that this will just make you fat. Unless you are using some kind of anabolic, you need to make sure the food you are eating is of a very high quality. This generally means cutting out all junk or processed food and eating lots of lean meat, complex carbohydrates, vegetables and good fats. The cleaner your diet is when bulking up the less fat you will gain and the better you will look at the end of it. It is impossible to lose fat and build muscle at the same time so you need to decide on your goal. If you really want to bulk up significantly you will have to accept the fact that along with some quality muscle you will probably gain a small amount of extra body fat. Notice I said small amount of body fat and this does not mean using t his as an excuse to eat junk food. Don’t freak out about this because when you gain muscle your body will look naturally leaner anyway and your metabolism will be increased meaning it is fairly easy to cut down your body fat. Most bodybuilders have bulking and cutting phases which athletes might refer to as an on season and an off season. You can bulk up for a couple of months and then diet down for another few months. Most people who go on to gain substantial muscle mass do several bulking and cutting cycles a year. Athletes involved in sports can use time during the off season to bulk up and cut down in time for the on season. Always remember that bulking up and building muscle takes time and you should not expect miracle results after a few weeks. The key to successfully gaining weight is to eat well, train smart and be persistent. Bulking Up Tips Lift more weight This one sounds obvious but if you are looking to gain size you need to train with fairly heavy weights. Ideally you should try and increase the amount of weight you lift each week. If you are getting stronger then that is a very good sign that you will soon get bigger. As a rule of thumb, if your strength goes up then you should find yourself getting bigger. Compound exercises When it comes to exercise choice you should always make sure you focus your workouts around the big three exercises, the squat, bench press and deadlift. These compound exercises will tax all of the muscles in your body and help you bulk up faster than any other exercises. If you do not include the big three moves in your exercise regime then you are seriously short changing yourself when it comes to bulking up. In terms of bulking up, squats and deadlifts are your best friend as they tax all the muscles in your body and release more growth hormone and testosterone than single joint exercises. Reps If you want to bulk up and gain weight then aim to perform around 8- 12 reps for most exercises. There is always debate over the number of reps you need to perform to gain muscle but to keep it simple you should use 8-12 reps for gaining muscle, 1-6 reps for getting stronger and 15-20 reps for muscular endurance. Avoid Cardio Cardiovascular exercise is great for your health but it will be your worst enemy when you are trying to gain weight, especially if you are a natural hard gainer. The problem with cardiovascular exercise when you are bulking up is that cardio burns off valuable calories needed for gaining weight. There is nothing wrong with one or two light cardio sessions if you are bulking up but most trainers would advise you to keep it to an absolute minimum if you are serious about bulking up. Eat More Food Food is the key to bulking up properly and you need to make sure you are eating regular and often. This sounds simple but can actually be a real chore when bulking up. You should aim to eat a protein rich meal with plenty of complex carbohydrate every three hours. This kind of constant eating can be fun at first but quickly gets tiring after a month or so. Whole foods are more important than protein shakes when it comes to bulking up so never ignore a good diet. The more consistent you are with your eating, the faster you will bulk up and see results. Aim to eat three or four solid meals a day and drink two to three protein shakes in between meals. I find it hard to stick to strict calorie counting and find that getting to know your body well though experience is the best way to determine how much you should be eating. Eat More Protein You need more protein than an average person if you want to build muscle. When it comes to bulking up, getting enough protein is essential. Some good protein choices when bulking up are steak, eggs, whey protein and chicken breast. Get More Rest In order to grow muscle and bulk up you will actually need to rest more than usual. Your body grows stronger and repairs itself when you are sleeping, not in the gym. Try and aim for about 9 hours sleep a night to improve your results. Don’t Over Train It is tempting to follow the 6 days a week training regimes that most muscle magazines try to sell you but unless you are taking steroids then these will quickly cause you to become over trained and will actually start to make you smaller and weaker. A natural bodybuilder shouldn’t generally train with weights for more than three or maybe four days a week at the most. What To Eat To Bulk up Nutrition can be a pretty confusing topic for someone who wants to bulk up and gain muscle but it needn’t be because the basics of bulking up nutrition are pretty simple. A good diet is one of the most important variables when it comes to bulking up and it’s something that you should think carefully about. In order to bulk up and gain muscle you should eat lean meats, dairy, vegetables, complex carbs and healthy fats. I have written out a list of the most important foods you should eat if you want to bulk up. Ideally you want about 30% of your calories to come from protein, 50% from complex carbohydrate and 20% of your calories from healthy fats.

Cival War essays

Cival War essays 1.a). Slavery was the main issue of the wars beginning. b). Other contributing factors were economic and agriculture problems. 2.a). Because the south was looked down on by the north. And the election of Lincoln. b). The election of Abraham Lincoln who was an anti-slavery. c). Because white people in the south used the slaves as their assets. 4.Because with the election of Lincoln, it became clear that the southern bloc lost its favor on the national stage. 1.a). The battle of Bull Run. b). Because they were the 1st major engagement of the war. 2.a). Because of the people and the accessories such as weapons, and also transportation. b). Because there were many battles and armies and people were being killed. 3. I think the war could not have ended. 1.a). Grant won 2 crucial victories down west. Ulysses S. Grant name stood for Unconditional Surrender Grant. Lee read his enemies. He lead a group of officers. b). You have to be cocky and confident about the decisions and outcomes you make to be a good leader. 2.a). Pressure for the emancipation came from unlike people and places. States and officers would have risen on Lincoln if he issued the emancipation. b). Yes he did. 3.a). Abolitionist were people against slavery. b). The movement began when Lincoln issued the emancipation at January of 1863. c). The risks of being part of the underground Railroad was very high. 1.a). Because they had to accept the emancipation proclamation. b). Yes, because the government is more organized and demanding to get the job done. c). Only when very necessary. 2.a). The cause of the Richmond bread riots was Lees attack on McClellan. b). Because they were not capable to afford things. c). They started using their own currency after the emancipation proclamation was issued. 3.a). The copperheads were people against the emancipation proclamation. b). They idealized peace de ...

ACT Test Dates 2016-2017

ACT Test Dates 2016-2017 SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips At PrepScholar, we keep track of all the best information to advise you about future test dates. Knowing the registration deadlines and test schedule can help you devise your study plan and stay organized so that you can reach your target score. In this article, I’ll give you the ACT test dates for 2016-2017 and explain the factors to think about when picking your test date. ACT Test Dates for 2016-2017 Here are the test dates, registration deadlines, and anticipated dates for scores to be released. Test Date Deadline Late Deadline Score Release* Sept 10, 2016 Aug 5, 2016 Aug 19, 2016 Sept 19; Oct 3, 2016 Oct 22, 2016 Sept 16, 2016 Sep 30, 2016 Nov 8; Nov 15, 2016 Dec 10, 2016 Nov 4, 2016 Nov 18, 2016 Dec 21, 2016; Jan 4, 2017 Feb , 2017** Jan 13, 2017 Jan 20, 2017 Feb 21; Feb 28, 2017 Apr 8, 2017 Mar 3, 2017 Mar 17, 2017 Apr 26; May 10, 2017 June 10, 2017 May 5, 2017 May 19, 2017 June 21; June 28, 2017 *= Refers to online score release. The first date is when multiple choice scores come out, and the second one is when complete scores are available. **= No February dates are scheduled in New York. How Accurate Is the Table Above? The test dates and registration deadlines come from official ACT sources and have been released. The score release dates are projected based on information from past tests, but generally, scores will come out within a week of the projected dates. Keep in mind that there's some variance in when multiple choice scores come out and not everyone receives them at the same time. How to Choose Your Test Date Here are some of the major factors to consider when selecting your ACT test date: Know Your Deadlines! The most important thing to remember is to take your ACT before any deadlines. If you apply regular decision, the December test in your senior year will be the last test you can take for most colleges. If you apply early, the last test you can take may be in October or November of your senior year. Also, scholarships have deadlines. If you want to obtain any scholarships that consider your ACT score, you’ll need to have your test score before the scholarship deadlines. How Many Times Do You Planto Take the ACT? Most students improve their scores when they retake the ACT, and you want to give yourself an opportunity to take the test multiple times. Generally, we suggest first taking the ACT in the fall of your junior year. Then you can retake it in the spring of your junior year and the fall of your senior year if necessary. How Long Do You Needto Study? When selecting your test date, give yourself enough time to prepare. Get a rough idea of how long you’ll need to study and make sure you’ll be able to effectively prepare before you take the test. If you take both the April and June tests without doing any studying in between, your score probably won’t improve much. Do You Have Conflicts With Any Test Dates? Check to see if you have any potential conflicts on or around any of the ACT test dates. Maybe the February date is during your basketball playoffs and you’ll be too busy to study. Perhaps you want to avoid the June test date because you’ll be focusing on your finals. It may be difficult to find a time when you can fully devote yourself to the ACT, but you should try to pick the best test dates for you. What's Next? If you're studying for the ACT, use free practice tests to help you prepare. Also, find out which schools require you to send all your ACT scores. Finally, if you have any questions about the ACT, you'll want to check out our expert answers to frequently asked questions about the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Respond to The Declaration of Independence Essay

Respond to The Declaration of Independence - Essay Example In the following paragraphs, I will discuss further the right to life, liberty and pursuit of happiness which is the very essence of the Declaration of independence and include their significance in today’s world. According to Jefferson, people have the right to live and protect their lives. The statement â€Å"He has constrained our fellow citizens taken captive on the high seas to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren or to fall themselves by their arms† (82), shows that there was the violation of life. It is known that when the colonizers first set foot on the land, they faced the danger of fighting with Native Americans but that was understandable because both parties fought for their lives, being aliens toward each other. However, for Jefferson, life of the people has been violated because the colonizers themselves were killing each other, friend against friend and brother against brother, not for survival but because of the order of the king. When Jefferson and his colleagues successfully got rid of the British claws that was taking the lives of numerous people, sadly, the fight for the right for life has not been over yet. When it was not White against White that was happening, the divide between the Whites and Blacks was magnified. Whites are known to have owned Black slaves and for decades, there have been killings of slaves simply because of the slave-owner’s desire to have control of his slaves. For this reason, some slaves take their chances of escaping which infuriated slave-owners all the more, causing them more reasons to hurt them or even kill them. The fight for the right for life among slaves has been long and hard but in time, the vision of Jefferson for a government that respects such right has come. Slave-ownership was abolished in 1863 through the Proclamation of Emancipation issued by